The Surfeit of the Stimulus: Analytic biases filter lexical statistics in Turkish laryngeal alternations

Michael Becker, Nihan Ketrez, and Andrew Nevins

Article (pdf)

Michael Becker, Nihan Ketrez, and Andrew Nevins (2011) The Surfeit of the Stimulus: Analytic biases filter lexical statistics in Turkish laryngeal alternations. Language 87:1, pp. 84–125.

Abstract

In an experimental task with novel words, we find that some lexical statistical regularities of Turkish phonotactics are productively extended in nonce words, while others are not. In particular, while laryngeal alternation rates in the lexicon can be predicted by the place of articulation of the stem- final stop, by word-length, and by the preceding vowel quality, this laryngeal alternation is only productively conditioned by place of articulation and word-length. Speakers' responses in a nonce word task demonstrate that although they are attuned to the place of articulation and size effects, they ignore preceding vowels, even though the lexicon contains this information in abundance. We interpret this finding as evidence that speakers distinguish between phonologically-motivated generalizations and accidental generalizations. We propose that Universal Grammar, a set of analytic biases, acts as a filter on the generalizations that humans can make: UG contains information about possible and impossible interactions between phonological elements. Omnivorous statistical models that do not have information about possible interactions incorrectly reproduce accidental generalizations, thus failing to model speakers' behavior.

Materials and results

lexicon and experimental results (the zipped file contains text files)
Our R files and further materials are available upon request.
The lexicon is derived from TELL (Inkelas et al. 2000).

Contact info

Michael Becker, michael.becker@phonologist.org
Nihan Ketrez, fnketrez@bilgi.edu.tr
Andrew Nevins, a.nevins@ucl.ac.uk